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Taiyō-class escort carrier
The was group of three of escort carriers used by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. Two of the ships were built as cargo liners in the late 1930s and subsequently taken over by the IJN and converted into escort carriers, while the third ship was converted while still under construction. They were used as training ships, aircraft transports and as convoy escorts during the war. All three were sunk by American submarines in 1943 and 1944.
== Background and description==
These ships were s built by Mitsubishi at their Nagasaki shipyard for the shipping lines ''Nippon Yusen Kaisha'' (NKK) and ''Osaka Shosen Kaisha'' (OSK). ''Nitta Maru'' and ''Yawata Maru'' were ordered for NKK and both were completed before the beginning of the Pacific War in December 1941. ''Kasuga Maru'' had been ordered by OSK and was fitting out when she was acquired by the IJN in 1940 and towed to Sasebo Naval Arsenal on 1 May 1941 to finish her conversion into an escort carrier. She was the first ship to be completed as her sister ships were not converted until 1942.〔Watts & Gordon, pp. 187–88〕
The ''Nitta Maru''-class ships were ocean liners with a speed of 〔Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 59〕 and had been subsidized by the IJN for possible conversion into auxiliary carriers.〔Stille, p. 40〕 As part of their conversion, their diesels were replaced by two sets of Kampon geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam produced by four Kampon water-tube boilers in a failed attempt to increase their speed. The turbines were rated at a total of and gave the ships a speed of 21 knots.〔 The uptakes for the boilers were trunked together into a downward-curving funnel on the starboard side of the hull amidships.〔 The ships carried of fuel oil that gave them a range of at a speed of .〔Watts & Gordon, p. 188〕 ''Taiyō''s crew numbered 747 officers and ratings while her sisters had 850 officers and crewmen.〔Chesneau, p. 185〕
The conversion of the ''Taiyō''-class ships, as the former liners were now known, was fairly austere and they were flush-decked carriers that displaced at standard load〔Stille, pp. 40–41〕 and at normal load. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of .〔Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 58〕 The flight deck was long and wide. The ships had a single hangar, approximately long, served by two centreline aircraft lifts, each .〔 ''Taiyō'' could accommodate a total of 27 aircraft, including four spares, and her sisters had a capacity of 30 aircraft.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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